Symbols and Constants

This appendix is a reference to the chords that MMA recognizes and name/value tables for drum and instrument names. The tables have been auto-generated by MMA using the -D options.

Chord Names

MMA recognizes standard cord names as listed below. The names are case sensitive and must be entered in uppercase letters as shown:

A A$\sharp$ A$\flat$ B B$\sharp$ B$\flat$ C C$\sharp$ C$\flat$ D D$\sharp$ D$\flat$ E E$\sharp$ E$\flat$ F F$\sharp$ F$\flat$ G G$\sharp$ G$\flat$

Please note that in your input files you must use a lowercase ``b'' to represent a $\flat$ and a ``#'' for a $\sharp$.

The following types of chords are recognized (these are case sensitive and must be in the mixed upper and lowercase shown):

+	See ``aug''.
11	9th chord plus 11th.
11b9	9th chord plus flat 11th.
13	Dominant 7th (including 5th) plus 13th.
6	Major tiad with added 6th.
7	Dominant 7th.
7#11	See ``9#11''.
7#5	7th, sharp 5.
7#5#9	Dominant 7th with sharp 5th and sharp 9th.
7#5b9	Dominant 7th with sharp 5th and flat 9th.
7#9	Dominant 7th with sharp 9th.
7#9#11	Dominant 7th plus sharp 9th and sharp 11th.
7+	See ``aug7''.
7b5	7th, flat 5.
7b5#9	Dominant 7th with flat 5th and sharp 9th.
7b5b9	Dominant 7th with flat 5th and flat 9th.
7b9	Dominant 7th with flat 9th.
7sus	7th with suspended 4th, dominant 7th with 3rd raised half tone.
7sus2	A sus2 with dominant 7th added.
7sus4	See ``sus4''.
9	Dominant 7th plus 9th.
9#11	Dominant 7th plus 9th and sharp 11th.
9#5	Dominant 7th plus 9th with sharp 5th.
9b5	Dominant 7th plus 9th with flat 5th.
M	Major triad. This is the default and is used in the absense of any other chord type specification.
M13	Major 7th (including 5th) plus 13th.
M7	Major 7th.
M7#11	Major 7th plus 9th and sharp 11th.
M7b5	Major 7th with a flatted 5th.
M9	Major 7th plus 9th.
aug	Augmented triad.
aug7	An augmented chord (raised 5th) with a dominant 7th.
aug7b9	Augmented 7th with flat 5th and sharp 9th.
dim	Diminished. MMA assumes a diminished 7th.
m	Minor triad.
m#5	Major triad with augmented 5th.
m(maj7)	See ``mM7''.
m(sus9)	Minor triad plus 9th (no 7th).
m+5	See ``m#5''.
m+7	See ``mM7''.
m11	9th with minor 3rd, plus 11th.
m6	Minor 6th.
m7	Minor 7th.
m7b5	Minor 7th, flat 5 (aka 1/2 diminished).
m7b9	Minor 7th with added flat 9th.
m9	Minor triad plus 7th and 9th.
mM7	Minor Triad plus Major 7th. You will also see this printed as ``m(maj7)'', ``m+7'', ``min(maj7)'' and ``min#7'' (which MMA accepts); as well as the MMA invalid forms: ``-($\Delta$7)'', and ``min$\natural$7''.
maj7	See ``M7''.
mb5	Minor triad with flat 5th.
min#7	See ``mM7''.
min(maj7)	See ``mM7''.
sus	See ``sus4''.
sus2	Suspended 2nd, major triad with major 2nd above root substituted for 3rd.
sus4	Suspended 4th, major triad with 3rd raised half tone.
sus9	Dominant 7th plus 9th, omit 7th.

In modern pop charts the ``M'' in a major 7th chord (and other major chords) is often represented by a ``$\Delta$''. When entering these chords, just replace the ``$\Delta$'' with an ``M''. For example, change ``G$\Delta$7'' to ``GM7''.

Modern pop charts sometimes use ``slash'' chords in the form ``Am/E''. MMA is not capable of correctly interpreting this notation. If you encounter it just leave the ``slash'' part off and all should work fine. See your favorite music theory book or teacher for an explanation!

A chord name without a type is interpreted as a major chord (or triad). For example, the chord ``C'' is identical to ``CM''.

MIDI Voices

When setting a voice for a track (ie Bass Voice NN), you can specify the patch to use with a symbolic constant. Any combination of upper and lower case is permitted. The following are the names with the equivalent voice numbers:

Voices, Alphabetically

5thSawWave	86
Accordion	21
AcousticBass	32
AgogoBells	113
AltoSax	65
Applause/Noise	126
Atmosphere	99
BagPipe	109
Bandoneon	23
Banjo	105
BaritoneSax	67
Bass&Lead	87
Bassoon	70
BirdTweet	123
BottleBlow	76
BowedGlass	92
BrassSection	61
BreathNoise	121
Brightness	100
Celesta	8
Cello	42
Charang	84
ChifferLead	83
ChoirAahs	52
ChurchOrgan	19
Clarinet	71
Clavinet	7
CleanGuitar	27
ContraBass	43
Crystal	98
DistortonGuitar	30
EPiano	5
EchoDrops	102
EnglishHorn	69
Fantasia	88
Fiddle	110
FingeredBass	33
Flute	73
FrenchHorn	60
FretlessBass	35
Glockenspiel	9
Goblins	101
GuitarFretNoise	120
GuitarHarmonics	31
GunShot	127
HaloPad	94
Harmonica	22
HarpsiChord	6
HelicopterBlade	125
Honky-TonkPiano	3
IceRain	96
JazzGuitar	26
Kalimba	108
Koto	107
Marimba	12
MelodicTom1	117
MetalPad	93
MusicBox	10
MutedGuitar	28
MutedTrumpet	59
NylonGuitar	24
Oboe	68
Ocarina	79
OrchestraHit	55
OrchestralHarp	46
Organ1	16
Organ2	17
Organ3	18
OverDriveGuitar	29
PIano3	2
PanFlute	75
Piano1	0
Piano2	1
Piccolo	72
PickedBass	34
PizzicatoString	45
PolySynth	90
Recorder	74
ReedOrgan	20
ReverseCymbal	119
RhodesPiano	4
Santur	15
SawWave	81
SeaShore	122
Shakuhachi	77
Shamisen	106
Shanai	111
Sitar	104
SlapBass1	36
SlapBass2	37
SlowStrings	49
SoloVoice	85
SopranoSax	64
SoundTrack	97
SpaceVoice	91
SquareWave	80
StarTheme	103
SteelDrums	114
SteelGuitar	25
Strings	48
SweepPad	95
SynCalliope	82
SynthBass1	38
SynthBass2	39
SynthBrass1	62
SynthBrass2	63
SynthDrum	118
SynthStrings1	50
SynthStrings2	51
SynthVox	54
TaikoDrum	116
TelephoneRing	124
TenorSax	66
Timpani	47
TinkleBell	112
TremoloStrings	44
Trombone	57
Trumpet	56
Tuba	58
TubularBells	14
Vibraphone	11
Viola	41
Violin	40
VoiceOohs	53
WarmPad	89
Whistle	78
WoodBlock	115
Xylophone	13

Voices, By MIDI Value

0	Piano1
1	Piano2
2	PIano3
3	Honky-TonkPiano
4	RhodesPiano
5	EPiano
6	HarpsiChord
7	Clavinet
8	Celesta
9	Glockenspiel
10	MusicBox
11	Vibraphone
12	Marimba
13	Xylophone
14	TubularBells
15	Santur
16	Organ1
17	Organ2
18	Organ3
19	ChurchOrgan
20	ReedOrgan
21	Accordion
22	Harmonica
23	Bandoneon
24	NylonGuitar
25	SteelGuitar
26	JazzGuitar
27	CleanGuitar
28	MutedGuitar
29	OverDriveGuitar
30	DistortonGuitar
31	GuitarHarmonics
32	AcousticBass
33	FingeredBass
34	PickedBass
35	FretlessBass
36	SlapBass1
37	SlapBass2
38	SynthBass1
39	SynthBass2
40	Violin
41	Viola
42	Cello
43	ContraBass
44	TremoloStrings
45	PizzicatoString
46	OrchestralHarp
47	Timpani
48	Strings
49	SlowStrings
50	SynthStrings1
51	SynthStrings2
52	ChoirAahs
53	VoiceOohs
54	SynthVox
55	OrchestraHit
56	Trumpet
57	Trombone
58	Tuba
59	MutedTrumpet
60	FrenchHorn
61	BrassSection
62	SynthBrass1
63	SynthBrass2
64	SopranoSax
65	AltoSax
66	TenorSax
67	BaritoneSax
68	Oboe
69	EnglishHorn
70	Bassoon
71	Clarinet
72	Piccolo
73	Flute
74	Recorder
75	PanFlute
76	BottleBlow
77	Shakuhachi
78	Whistle
79	Ocarina
80	SquareWave
81	SawWave
82	SynCalliope
83	ChifferLead
84	Charang
85	SoloVoice
86	5thSawWave
87	Bass&Lead
88	Fantasia
89	WarmPad
90	PolySynth
91	SpaceVoice
92	BowedGlass
93	MetalPad
94	HaloPad
95	SweepPad
96	IceRain
97	SoundTrack
98	Crystal
99	Atmosphere
100	Brightness
101	Goblins
102	EchoDrops
103	StarTheme
104	Sitar
105	Banjo
106	Shamisen
107	Koto
108	Kalimba
109	BagPipe
110	Fiddle
111	Shanai
112	TinkleBell
113	AgogoBells
114	SteelDrums
115	WoodBlock
116	TaikoDrum
117	MelodicTom1
118	SynthDrum
119	ReverseCymbal
120	GuitarFretNoise
121	BreathNoise
122	SeaShore
123	BirdTweet
124	TelephoneRing
125	HelicopterBlade
126	Applause/Noise
127	GunShot

Drum Notes

When defining a drum tone, you can specify the patch to use with a symbolic constant. Any combination of upper and lower case is permitted. The following are the names with the equivalent note numbers:

Drum Notes, Alphabetically

Cabasa	69
Castanets	85
ChineseCymbal	52
Claves	75
ClosedHiHat	42
CowBell	56
CrashCymbal1	49
CrashCymbal2	57
HandClap	39
HighAgogo	67
HighBongo	60
HighQ	27
HighTimbale	65
HighTom1	50
HighTom2	48
HighWoodBlock	76
JingleBell	83
KickDrum1	36
KickDrum2	35
LongGuiro	74
LongLowWhistle	72
LowAgogo	68
LowBongo	61
LowConga	64
LowTimbale	66
LowTom1	43
LowTom2	41
LowWoodBlock	77
Maracas	70
MetronomeBell	34
MetronomeClick	33
MidTom1	47
MidTom2	45
MuteCuica	78
MuteHighConga	62
MuteSudro	86
MuteTriangle	80
OpenCuica	79
OpenHiHat	46
OpenHighConga	63
OpenSudro	87
OpenTriangle	81
PedalHiHat	44
RideBell	53
RideCymbal1	51
RideCymbal2	59
ScratchPull	30
ScratchPush	29
Shaker	82
ShortGuiro	73
ShortHiWhistle	71
SideKick	37
Slap	28
SnareDrum1	38
SnareDrum2	40
SplashCymbal	55
SquareClick	32
Sticks	31
Tambourine	54
VibraSlap	58

Drum Notes, by MIDI Value

27	HighQ
28	Slap
29	ScratchPush
30	ScratchPull
31	Sticks
32	SquareClick
33	MetronomeClick
34	MetronomeBell
35	KickDrum2
36	KickDrum1
37	SideKick
38	SnareDrum1
39	HandClap
40	SnareDrum2
41	LowTom2
42	ClosedHiHat
43	LowTom1
44	PedalHiHat
45	MidTom2
46	OpenHiHat
47	MidTom1
48	HighTom2
49	CrashCymbal1
50	HighTom1
51	RideCymbal1
52	ChineseCymbal
53	RideBell
54	Tambourine
55	SplashCymbal
56	CowBell
57	CrashCymbal2
58	VibraSlap
59	RideCymbal2
60	HighBongo
61	LowBongo
62	MuteHighConga
63	OpenHighConga
64	LowConga
65	HighTimbale
66	LowTimbale
67	HighAgogo
68	LowAgogo
69	Cabasa
70	Maracas
71	ShortHiWhistle
72	LongLowWhistle
73	ShortGuiro
74	LongGuiro
75	Claves
76	HighWoodBlock
77	LowWoodBlock
78	MuteCuica
79	OpenCuica
80	MuteTriangle
81	OpenTriangle
82	Shaker
83	JingleBell
85	Castanets
86	MuteSudro
87	OpenSudro